Northern suburbs, June 2004

This picture was taken from a hill north of the big ring road around (what used to be) the main part of UB, looking west. The clear space running left to right through the middle of the picture is a river bed, although the river isn't much more than a stream these days. The buildings on the far left, just on the opposite side of the river can also be seen in the previous picture. There they are the buildings just past the peoples' heads.

The hills that were snow-covered but bare of habitation in the previous shot are now largely covered with gers. I wouldn't say that none of the gers in this photo were there in 1993. Some were, and there are other buildings that were clearly there before the 1990s. Yet the majority of these gers are new, and they stretch farther north (to the right in this picture) both along the river and on the hillsides. The case is the same in the east and west. (Less so to the south because of the mountains.)

The population of Ulaanbaatar has exploded in the last 15 years, going from maybe 550,000 or so around 1990, to close to 850,000 today. Unofficial estimates put the number closer to one million. Most of the recent immigrants can't afford or find housing, so they set up gers or simple wooden houses on the outskirts of the city. This, of course, puts tremendous pressure on what little services exist.